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The Abdim chord

Built from Ab - B - D, the Abdim is a diminished triad that sounds a passing chord that needs to move. It lives at the centre of early jazz and the Great American Songbook, and it earns its place in the progression. What follows below: the voicings worth memorising on guitar and piano, the theory in plain language, progressions in two or three different keys, and a short list of real records that lean on the chord.

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Voicings for Abdim

Common ways to grip the Abdim on guitar and piano. Guitar diagrams read low E to high E left-to-right; an × means muted, an open circle above the nut means an open string. Filled dots are fretted notes.

Guitar , full chord shapes

CAGED-derived voicings for Abdim across the neck. Pick the shape closest to where your hand already sits.

Guitar: A-string dim at fr.11
Notes: Ab - B - D (chord tones)
Guitar: D-string dim at fr.6
Notes: Ab - B - D (chord tones)
Guitar: top-4 voicing
Notes: Ab - B - D (chord tones)
Guitar: high top-4 voicing
Notes: Ab - B - D (chord tones)

Guitar , triad shapes

Three-note triad shapes on each string set, shown moving up the neck. Light textures for arpeggios, pop layering and chord-melody work.

Triad: top strings (G-B-e) · fr.3
Notes: top-string triad, fr.3
Triad: top strings (G-B-e) · fr.7
Notes: top-string triad, fr.7
Triad: top strings (G-B-e) · fr.10
Notes: top-string triad, fr.10
Triad: middle strings (D-G-B) · open
Notes: middle-string triad, open
Triad: middle strings (D-G-B) · fr.3
Notes: middle-string triad, fr.3
Triad: middle strings (D-G-B) · fr.7
Notes: middle-string triad, fr.7
Triad: bass strings (A-D-G) · open
Notes: bass-side triad, open
Triad: bass strings (A-D-G) · fr.4
Notes: bass-side triad, fr.4
Triad: bass strings (A-D-G) · fr.7
Notes: bass-side triad, fr.7

Piano voicings

Root position and inversions. The bass note matters: each inversion changes how the chord sits under a melody.

Piano: root position
Notes: Ab - B - D. Root Ab at the bottom. The classic stacked-thirds spelling of a diminished triad.
Piano: first inversion
Notes: B - D - Ab. B at the bottom. Common in chord-melody, walking bass lines and gentler voicings.
Piano: second inversion
Notes: D - Ab - B. D at the bottom. A floating, suspended feel often used in hymns and ballads.

The theory behind Abdim

The Abdim chord (Ab - B - D) is a diminished triad. Its intervals are root, minor third, diminished fifth. Functionally it lives at home in a closely related major key as the passing chord, but you'll also find it in a closely related major key as the passing chord. The chord tends to resolve up a half-step or down to the I, which is why it shows up in ragtime and jazz.

Progressions that use Abdim

Short progressions that put the Abdim to work. Each one is shown in a different key so you can pick the one that suits your singer.

iivV key of A minor
Abdim (as passing colour)

This chord appears as a borrowed or passing chord in many minor-key progressions.

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Songs that feature Abdim

Real records where this chord does structural work. No lyrics quoted, just the title and artist so you can pull up a copy and hear it in context.

Related chords

Chords a step away from the Abdim in the songwriting circle, the natural neighbours when you want a substitution.

Keys where Abdim lives

The keys where this chord turns up diatonically. Open any key page for the full set of progressions that lean on it.

Related references

Other ways to put the Abdim to work across the reference library.

More songwriting tools

Got the chord but still wrestling with the lyric? Find the right rhyme in RhymeForge, or break a writer's block with the unexpected word-pair generator in CollisionLab. Need to map a full progression? The chord builder on the home page is where the Abdim fits into context. All free, no signup.

About the chord builder

The Undercover Zest chord progression builder is a free interactive tool that maps every diatonic and borrowed chord in every key. Click a Roman numeral to hear it, drag chords into a progression, then audition voicings, inversions and tensions until the song clicks.

This page is a static reference for the Abdim. For interactive playback, voice-leading hints and substitution suggestions, open the chord builder above.