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The Em chord

The easiest minor chord on a guitar, and the centre of gravity for most folk-rock songbooks. The Em (E - G - B) is a minor triad, which is why it sounds a moody but un-fussy minor. Writers pick it for a quiet chorus, and you can find it across minor-key folk and modern pop. On guitar the chord sits easily under standard open chord shapes; on piano it stacks straight up under the right hand. The page below covers the voicings worth memorising, the theory, the progressions where the Em earns its keep, and the records that lean on it.

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Voicings for Em

Common ways to grip the Em on guitar and piano. Guitar diagrams read low E to high E left-to-right; an × means muted, an open circle above the nut means an open string. Filled dots are fretted notes.

Guitar , full chord shapes

CAGED-derived voicings for Em across the neck. Pick the shape closest to where your hand already sits.

Guitar: Em shape at fr.2
Notes: E - G - B (chord tones)
Guitar: Am shape at fr.7
Notes: E - G - B (chord tones)
Guitar: Dm shape at fr.2
Notes: E - G - B (chord tones)
Guitar: Gm shape (movable) at fr.12
Notes: E - G - B (chord tones)
Guitar: top-4 voicing
Notes: E - G - B (chord tones)
Guitar: high top-4 voicing
Notes: E - G - B (chord tones)

Guitar , triad shapes

Three-note voicings on three adjacent strings. Light textures for arpeggios, pop layering and chord-melody work.

Triad: top-string triad
Notes: 3-note voicing on adjacent strings
Triad: middle-string triad
Notes: 3-note voicing on adjacent strings
Triad: bass-side triad
Notes: 3-note voicing on adjacent strings

Piano voicings

Root position and inversions. The bass note matters: each inversion changes how the chord sits under a melody.

Piano: root position
Notes: E - G - B. Root E at the bottom. The classic stacked-thirds spelling of a minor triad.
Piano: first inversion
Notes: G - B - E. G at the bottom. Common in chord-melody, walking bass lines and gentler voicings.
Piano: second inversion
Notes: B - E - G. B at the bottom. A floating, suspended feel often used in hymns and ballads.

The theory behind Em

Em is a minor triad built on E. Its three or four notes (E - G - B) sit a specific distance apart: root, minor third, perfect fifth. That makes it a Mediant (iii) in the key of C major, and the same chord works as the Submediant (vi) in G major. The simplest rule of thumb: the Em wants to move to its relative major or step down to the bVII.

Progressions that use Em

Short progressions that put the Em to work. Each one is shown in a different key so you can pick the one that suits your singer.

IVviIV key of G major
G - D - Em - C

The four-chord engine behind a thousand pop hits. The lift from I to V opens the chorus, vi pulls down into feeling, IV walks back toward home.

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iiVI key of D major
Em - A - D

The cornerstone of every jazz standard. ii sets up the dominant, V resolves home with full gravity. Add a seventh on each chord for the canonical sound.

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iivVi key of A minor
Am - Dm - Em - Am

The classical pull. The V is borrowed from harmonic minor (a major V instead of v), creating a sharper push back to the tonic. Used in flamenco, classical and metal alike.

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iVIIIIVII key of E minor
Em - C - G - D

Heroic minor four-chord. The descent from i to VI to III gives the verse weight, VII slingshots back to the tonic. The Andalusian cousin of the pop axis.

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Songs that feature Em

Real records where this chord does structural work. No lyrics quoted, just the title and artist so you can pull up a copy and hear it in context.

Related chords

Chords a step away from the Em in the songwriting circle, the natural neighbours when you want a substitution.

Keys where Em lives

The keys where this chord turns up diatonically. Open any key page for the full set of progressions that lean on it.

More songwriting tools

Got the chord but still wrestling with the lyric? Find the right rhyme in RhymeForge, or break a writer's block with the unexpected word-pair generator in CollisionLab. Need to map a full progression? The chord builder on the home page is where the Em fits into context. All free, no signup.

About the chord builder

The Undercover Zest chord progression builder is a free interactive tool that maps every diatonic and borrowed chord in every key. Click a Roman numeral to hear it, drag chords into a progression, then audition voicings, inversions and tensions until the song clicks.

This page is a static reference for the Em. For interactive playback, voice-leading hints and substitution suggestions, open the chord builder above.